Ice focus

Ice focus

gas emissions would be instituted and emission credits would be sold to, and then traded among, emitters. Part of the revenue from the sold credits would go to investments in renewable energy, though it's not clear what would happen to the rest. A so-called 'Gang of 15', comprising senators from states that depend on coal-fired power plants for energy, is especially opposed to Obama's system be...

Self-generated Off-axis Holography in Interferometric Out-of-focus Imaging of Ice Particles

Production of Ice Nucleation Deficient (Ice-) Mutants of the Epiphytic Strains of Erwinia herbicola

To mutate the Ice Nucleation Active (INA) gene in Erwinia herbicola strains, Tn-5 transposon carried by Psup2021 plasmid was used. This plasmid was transferred to the bacterial cells by electroporation. Electrotransformation was carried out for 2.5 ms at 1800 v and 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Polymerase chain reaction was used for determination of presence or loss of INA gene, using a...

Rough Ice Is Bad Ice

in the early days of aviation, at the advent of thermal ice protection system development, aircraft designers believed that in fighting in-flight icing, the critical variables were the mass of supercooled water that an airplane would transit and the temperature. The measure of mass is liquid water content (LWC). Droplet size of supercooled water, which influences potential icing severity, is me...

Ice swimming – ‘Ice Mile’ and ‘1 km Ice event’

BACKGROUND Ice swimming for 1 mile and 1 km is a new discipline in open-water swimming since 2009. This study examined female and male performances in swimming 1 mile ('Ice Mile') and 1 km ('1 km Ice event') in water of 5 °C or colder between 2009 and 2015 with the hypothesis that women would be faster than men. METHODS Between 2009 and 2015, 113 men and 38 women completed one 'Ice Mile' and ...